Selection and evaluation of environmentally friendly pesticides, biological preparations and resistant variety samples against harmful objects of gourds in the conditions of the south-east of Kazakhstan

In the Republic of Kazakhstan melons and gourds are produced mainly in the traditional way, that is, by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The production of environmentally friendly melons is at the initial stage of its development. There is no organic melon growing at all. Considering the huge export potential of melons among other crops cultivated in the country (the total supply of melons and melons on the domestic market is 472%), the great economic and social significance of the transition of the melon industry to organic production is growing. In the future, Kazakhstan may be in the center of attention of the world community as a manufacturer and supplier of environmentally friendly (organic) melons, and environmentally friendly, natural melons may well become a brand of our sovereign state. To do this, it is necessary to make fundamental changes in the melon industry of the country. In general, the transition of agricultural production to an organic direction will contribute to the consumption of the safest and most useful products by the local population. Here, one should also take into account the decrease in the immunity of the human body due to various diseases, including those associated with the coronavirus pandemic. It should also be taken into account that only a limited number of pesticides used against harmful objects in agriculture act as intended, and most of the toxic substances spread into the environment. The use of disinfectants without scientific support has a negative impact on flora and fauna, being deposited in the soil and irrigation system of fields for a long time, thereby causing enormous damage to the environment. Given the above facts, our scientific research was aimed at the selection of pesticides and biological preparations with high biological and economic efficiency, low rates and frequency of treatments, as well as varieties with high resistance to fungal diseases of melons (watermelon, melon). Research work was carried out on the experimental plots of the Regional Branch "Kainar" of the LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture" in the period 2020-2021. The studies used classical methods generally accepted in melon growing. The results obtained are new and relevant, and in the future, will contribute to the transition from traditional melon growing to biological.

Influence of biological stimulators of growth and development of plants on growth processes, biochemical composition and productivity of melones in the conditions of the south-east of Kazakhstan

The audience of consumers of watermelon and melon is the widest, the reason for this is the light and at the same time rich composition of sweet fruits. Given the increase in complications among the country's population associated with the postponed coronavirus pandemic, the consumption of highly vitaminized and environmentally friendly products is especially important. Unfortunately, in recent years there has been an acute issue of unfair production of melons and gourds. In pursuit of an early harvest, producers completely forget about quality. Melon products contaminated with nitrates can lead to the most serious consequences. The way out of this situation is to use biological stimulants of the vital activity of soil microorganisms, which accelerates the maturation processes, while reducing the introduction of agrochemicals by almost twice. According to the results of our research, it was found that the treatment of plants with biological stimulants increased the yield of watermelon by 33.88%, melon -27.30%. Plants treated with bio stimulants were larger, had a greater number of ovaries to control, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed an increase in dry matter, total sugar and ascorbic acid in the fruits of watermelon and melon.